{"id":1020,"date":"2016-08-15T20:33:00","date_gmt":"2016-08-15T20:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/"},"modified":"2016-10-07T14:10:18","modified_gmt":"2016-10-07T14:10:18","slug":"the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/","title":{"rendered":"The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"carouselwrap\"><div id=\"menu-slovak-republic\" class=\"carouselmenu\"><a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/teachers-teacher-education-and-professional-development\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Teachers, Teacher Education, and Professional Development<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/instruction-for-mathematics-and-science-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Instruction for Mathematics and Science in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/monitoring-student-progress-in-mathematics-and-science\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Monitoring Student Progress in Mathematics and Science<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/special-initiatives-in-mathematics-and-science-education\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Special Initiatives in Mathematics and Science Education<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/use-and-impact-of-timss\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Use and Impact of TIMSS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/references\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/div><\/div>\t<style>\n\t\t.carouselwrap{\n\t\t\tbackground: #e5eaef;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a{\n\t\t\tbackground: #ffffff;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a:hover,\n\t\t.owl-item a:focus,\n\t\t.owl-item a.current-menu-item{\n\t\t\tbackground: #00667f;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t\t}\n\t<\/style>\n\t\n<h2>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/h2>\n<p>The mathematics curriculum for Grades 1 to 4 is in accordance with the \u0160VP for the domains of Mathematics and Information and Communications Technology (ICT), and contains topics in both subject areas. The educational content is structured into five thematic fields, a&nbsp;structure that applies generally to other educational levels as well: Numbers, Variables, and Algebraic Calculations with Numbers; Patterns, Relationships, Functions, Tables, and Diagrams; Geometry and Measurement; Combinatorics, Probability, and Statistics; and Logic, Reasoning, and Proofs.<sup>8<\/sup> Exhibit 1 presents the mathematics topics and competencies that were in effect in Grades 1 to 4 for students assessed in TIMSS 2015.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 1: Mathematics Content Areas and Competencies, Grades 1\u20134<\/strong><sup>9<\/sup><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td>\n      Content   Area <\/td>\n<td>\n      Competencies\n    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Numbers,   Variables, and Algebraic Calculations with Numbers\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Know   whole numbers up to 10,000 and their properties; read and write whole numbers   in the decimal system; mark and compare numbers on an axis; inequalities   (introductory)<\/li>\n<li>Perform   basic calculations mentally, on paper, and with a calculator (multiplying and   dividing up to 100); understand and explain the relationship between   multiplication and division and calculations with these operations; work with   numbers and round numbers to 10s and 100s; estimate and make approximations;   check results<\/li>\n<li>Understand   fractions with 2 and 3 as denominators, without writing the fractions   (introductory)<\/li>\n<li>Solve contextual word problems from   real life <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Patterns,   Relationships, Functions, Tables, and Diagrams\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Create   simple patterns of objects, figures, and numbers; recognize and create   increasing and decreasing number patterns; find the rule in a pattern and   continue the pattern <\/li>\n<li>Collect,   group, and sort data according to a given criterion <\/li>\n<li>Record   number of events; create tables and bar diagrams and draw simple conclusions   based on them <\/li>\n<li>Discover the relationships among and   accordingly sort corresponding data in a table <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Geometry   and Measurement\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Recognize   points, lines, and line segments; draw lines and line segments<\/li>\n<li>Know   units of measurement for length and apply and convert between them   independently; measure the length of line segments; add, subtract, and   multiply line segments; compare line segments based on length<\/li>\n<li>Draw   squares and rectangles on grid paper, and determine vertices, sides, and   pairs of adjacent sides<\/li>\n<li>Enlarge   and reduce geometrical plane figures on grid paper <\/li>\n<li>Construct   triangles based on given side lengths, and determine vertices and sides<\/li>\n<li>Calculate   perimeter of squares, rectangles, and triangles by adding their sides   (introductory)<\/li>\n<li>Draw   circles given center and distance and recognize their properties<\/li>\n<li>Construct   geometrical space figures using cubes according to a given plan, and design a   construction plan for geometrical space figures using cubes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Solving   Applied Problems and Problems Developing Specific Mathematical Thinking\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Solve   problems by determining whether given statements (from mathematics and real   life) are true or false; complete sentences to formulate true or false   statements<\/li>\n<li>Recognize   certain and impossible phenomena in simple situations<\/li>\n<li>Calculate   arithmetic average for smaller sets of data (introductory)<\/li>\n<li>Solve   problems in combinatorics and probability (introductory)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>The mathematics curriculum for Grades 5 to 9 is in accordance with the \u0160VP for the domain Mathematics and ICT, and contains topics in the two subject areas Mathematics and InformationScience.<sup>10<\/sup>. Exhibit 2 presents the mathematics topics and competencies that were in effect in Grades 5 to 9 for students assessed in TIMSS 2015.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 2: Mathematics Content Areas and Competencies, Grades 5\u20139<\/strong><sup>11<\/sup><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td>\n      Content    Area\n    <\/td>\n<td>\n      Competencies\n    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Numbers,   Variables, and Algebraic Calculations with Numbers\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use   whole, integer, and rational numbers to depict real situations <\/li>\n<li>Read,   write, and compare whole, integer, and rational numbers; use, write, and read   correlations of equality and inequality; locate numbers on an axis <\/li>\n<li>Perform   basic algebraic calculations mentally and on paper<\/li>\n<li>Round   numbers, estimate, and check results <\/li>\n<li>Know   and use different ways to express relationships quantitatively (i.e., whole   numbers and their parts\u2014fractions, decimals, and percentages), solve   conceptual and applied problems <\/li>\n<li>Solve   ratios by means of modeling and calculating; work with scale in maps and   plans <\/li>\n<li>Represent   real situations mathematically using variables and determine their value;   represent real situations mathematically using equations and systems of   equations and solve the equations <\/li>\n<li>Formulate   and solve problems applying knowledge of numbers and algebraic calculations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Patterns,   Relationships, Functions, Tables, and Diagrams\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Create   tables representing simple linear relationships; complete missing data based   on a discovered rule and display data<\/li>\n<li>Discover   functional relationships among variables and display them in the rectangular   coordinate system<\/li>\n<li>Represent   linear functions using equations, tables, and graphs; know examples of   nonlinear functions; create tables and graphs for simple functions <\/li>\n<li>Discover   and solve problems from real life involving direct and inverse proportions<\/li>\n<li>Display   data in diagrams and read data in diagrams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Geometry   and Measurement\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Recognize,   name, and describe basic geometrical space figures; find corresponding shapes   in real life; identify their components (i.e., diagonals and relationships   among edges)<\/li>\n<li>Know,   describe, name, draw, and construct basic plane figures; know their basic   elements and properties, and the fundamental relationships among their   elements and properties <\/li>\n<li>Apply   the rules of congruence and similarity of triangles in writing proofs and   performing calculations<\/li>\n<li>Recognize   and construct figures reflected across axes and points; understand simple   geometrical transformations; know the basic properties of pairs of   symmetrical figures and apply them to simple constructions <\/li>\n<li>Measure   and calculate the perimeter, area, surface area, and volume of geometrical   figures <\/li>\n<li>Know   how to measure angles and calculate with angles; apply properties of known   pairs of angles (e.g., supplementary, alternate, complementary) to calculate   inner and outer angles of plane figures <\/li>\n<li>Know   measuring tools and units; use them independently to take practical   measurements<\/li>\n<li>Analyze   and solve geometrical problems by applying acquired mathematical techniques <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Combinatorics,   Probability, and Statistics\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Acquire   skills in sorting objects according to given criteria through games and   practical exercises<\/li>\n<li>Extract   from a given group of elements a subgroup consisting of a given number of   elements according to a given rule, and calculate the number of possible   selections <\/li>\n<li>Collect,   record, interpret, and graphically display data <\/li>\n<li>Orientate   oneself in a set of data <\/li>\n<li>Attribute   to statements from close environment the correct truth value <\/li>\n<li>Understand   real life situations in terms of statistics and probability; recognize   certain and impossible phenomena in simple situations <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Logic,   Reasoning, and Proofs\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Quantify   general statements and carry out their negation <\/li>\n<li>Judge   the explicitness of simple instructions, directives, and acts <\/li>\n<li>Determine   the correct use of &ldquo;and,&ldquo; &ldquo;or,&ldquo; &ldquo;either\/or,&ldquo; and &ldquo;if\u2026 then&ldquo;<\/li>\n<li>Determine   whether mathematical statements are true or false<\/li>\n<li>Recognize   definitions, hypotheses, and proofs in mathematical texts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades The mathematics curriculum for Grades 1 to 4 is in accordance with the \u0160VP for the domains of Mathematics and Information and Communications Technology (ICT), and contains topics in both subject &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/slovak-republic\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":169,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1020","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1020"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6875,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1020\/revisions\/6875"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}