{"id":606,"date":"2016-08-15T20:32:57","date_gmt":"2016-08-15T20:32:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/"},"modified":"2016-10-06T18:42:32","modified_gmt":"2016-10-06T18:42:32","slug":"the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/","title":{"rendered":"The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"carouselwrap\"><div id=\"menu-bahrain\" class=\"carouselmenu\"><a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/teachers-teacher-education-and-professional-development\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Teachers, Teacher Education, and Professional Development<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/instruction-for-mathematics-and-science-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Instruction for Mathematics and Science in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/monitoring-student-progress-in-mathematics-and-science\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Monitoring Student Progress in Mathematics and Science<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/special-initiatives-in-mathematics-and-science-education\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Special Initiatives in Mathematics and Science Education<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/use-and-impact-of-timss\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Use and Impact of TIMSS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/suggested-readings\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Suggested Readings<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/references\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/div><\/div>\t<style>\n\t\t.carouselwrap{\n\t\t\tbackground: #e5eaef;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a{\n\t\t\tbackground: #ffffff;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a:hover,\n\t\t.owl-item a:focus,\n\t\t.owl-item a.current-menu-item{\n\t\t\tbackground: #00667f;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t\t}\n\t<\/style>\n\t\n<h2>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/h2>\n<p>Mathematics is a compulsory subject throughout basic education in Bahrain. The mathematics curriculum for each cycle of basic education is built upon two types of general competency: content and skill. Cycle 1 (Grades 1 to 3) contains 13 general mathematics competencies covering five content areas: Numbers and Operations, Algebra, Geometry, Measurement, and Data and Probability Analysis. Cycle 1 also contains the following skill competencies: Problem Solving, Reasoning and Proving, Communication, and Linking and Representing Knowledge.<\/p>\n<p>In the progression of learning, Cycle 2 (Grades 4 to 6) and Cycle 3 (Grades 7 to 9) cover the same five content areas as Cycle 1. Cycles 2 and 3 also share the same number of general and skill competencies. Content areas are taught to increasing depth and cover increasingly difficult topics as students progress through the grades and cycles. Specific competencies, comprising mathematical knowledge and understanding, are clearly defined within each content area and correlate with topics. Students are expected to develop and utilize their mathematical skills and to apply their knowledge and understanding in solving real life problems. Exhibits 3 and 4 present mathematics content areas and competencies<sup>7<\/sup> for Grade 4 in Cycle 2 and Grade 8 in Cycle 3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 3: Mathematics Content Areas and Competencies for Grade 4 in Bahrain <\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"tableEncyc\" border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td width=\"35%\">Content Area<\/td>\n<td width=\"65%\">Competencies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\" valign=\"top\">Numbers and Operations\u2014<br \/>\nWhole numbers (up to 7 digits)<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Read, write, and express numbers up to 100,000; understand place value, ways of representing numbers and the relationship between numbers; explore the concept of 1 million; read, write, order, and compare numbers in millions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\" valign=\"top\">Fractions and Decimals<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Recognize fractions as parts of a whole unit or parts of a collection; read, write, identify, and determine equivalent fractions; compare and represent fractions on the number line; understand decimal place value; define decimals using words and numbers, and represent decimals on the number line; compare, read, and write decimals; determine, read, write, and order decimal numbers greater than 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\" valign=\"top\">Arithmetic Operations<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Understand the four basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and how they relate to one another, and compare them in terms of properties used in calculations and their meaning; use numbers and arithmetic operations to compare and order whole numbers, simple fractions, and decimals, and to solve problems including those set in a real life context; compute with numbers; estimate numbers and estimate using the four arithmetic operations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\" valign=\"top\">Algebra<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Identify number patterns and the relationship between patterns (numbers or terms); extend and generate patterns; write simple algebraic expressions to solve for one unknown and represent real life situations using models, symbols, pictures, and words<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\" valign=\"top\">Geometry<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Identify and draw points, lines, rays, line segments, angles, triangles, and quadrilaterals; distinguish between parallel, perpendicular, and intersecting lines; explore the properties of two- \u00a0and three-dimensional geometric shapes and determine the line of symmetry in two-dimensional shapes; recognize congruence with and distinguish between geometric transformations (i.e., translation, reflection, and rotation)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\" valign=\"top\">Data Analysis and Probability<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Collect, organize, represent, and display data in graphs, charts, and tables, reading and interpreting the data; calculate mode and mean from a set of data; explore and differentiate among certain, possible, and impossible events; conduct probability experiments, observe, and record experiment results<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 4: Mathematics Content Areas and Competencies for Grade 8 in Bahrain<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"tableEncyc\" border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">Content Area<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">Competencies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\" valign=\"top\">Numbers and Operations<br \/>\n(Integers, Rational, and<br \/>\nReal Numbers)<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Develop understanding of integers, recognize rational numbers, distinguish between fractions and decimals, and represent these on the number line; understand ratio, proportion, and percent, and carry out operations with these when solving problems; classify, compare, and order rational numbers; use factors and multiples in solving problems; identify irrational numbers and recognize the real number system; develop understanding of integers, rational numbers, and real numbers and compare, order, compute, represent, and understand operations on them<\/li>\n<li>Calculate powers of numbers and square roots; compute and estimate using equivalent fractions and percentages and use these computations and estimations in solving problems; calculate length, including side lengths of similar triangles and in solving real life problems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\" valign=\"top\">Algebra<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Extend and generalize numeric, algebraic, and geometric patterns or sequences, including finding the missing terms; use relations and functions; simplify and evaluate algebraic expressions<\/li>\n<li>Explore properties of linear functions in tables, words, equations, inequalities, and graphs<\/li>\n<li>Understand linear relationships and the concept of variables in solving linear equations and finding the range of functions<\/li>\n<li>Model real life situations using multiple representations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\" valign=\"top\">Geometry<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Recognize the geometric properties of angles and geometric shapes (e.g., triangles, quadrilaterals, and other common polygons)<\/li>\n<li>Differentiate between two- and three-dimensional shapes and use their properties in solving problems<\/li>\n<li>Use geometric transformations to explore the properties of symmetry, similarity, and congruence in solving problems<\/li>\n<li>Use geometric models to represent numerical and algebraic relationships<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\" valign=\"top\">Measurement<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Recognize metric and customary units and demonstrate understanding of relationships among units<\/li>\n<li>Identify appropriate units for measuring angles and lines, and area, circumference, and volume<\/li>\n<li>Compute and estimate area, circumference, and volume<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\" valign=\"top\">Data Analysis and Probability<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Read and represent data displayed in different forms (e.g., line plots, tables, and bar graphs)<\/li>\n<li>Describe and compare different representations of the same data<\/li>\n<li>Calculate the mode, median, and range from a set of data<\/li>\n<li>Determine and estimate the probability of an outcome and use the probability of a particular outcome to solve problems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades Mathematics is a compulsory subject throughout basic education in Bahrain. The mathematics curriculum for each cycle of basic education is built upon two types of general competency: content and skill. Cycle &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":110,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-606","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=606"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6827,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/606\/revisions\/6827"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}