{"id":607,"date":"2016-08-15T20:32:57","date_gmt":"2016-08-15T20:32:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/"},"modified":"2016-08-25T15:49:19","modified_gmt":"2016-08-25T15:49:19","slug":"the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/","title":{"rendered":"The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"carouselwrap\"><div id=\"menu-bahrain\" class=\"carouselmenu\"><a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/teachers-teacher-education-and-professional-development\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Teachers, Teacher Education, and Professional Development<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/instruction-for-mathematics-and-science-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Instruction for Mathematics and Science in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/monitoring-student-progress-in-mathematics-and-science\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Monitoring Student Progress in Mathematics and Science<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/special-initiatives-in-mathematics-and-science-education\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Special Initiatives in Mathematics and Science Education<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/use-and-impact-of-timss\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Use and Impact of TIMSS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/suggested-readings\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Suggested Readings<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/references\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/div><\/div>\t<style>\n\t\t.carouselwrap{\n\t\t\tbackground: #e5eaef;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a{\n\t\t\tbackground: #ffffff;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a:hover,\n\t\t.owl-item a:focus,\n\t\t.owl-item a.current-menu-item{\n\t\t\tbackground: #00667f;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t\t}\n\t<\/style>\n\t\n<h2>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/h2>\n<p>Similar to mathematics, science is a compulsory subject throughout basic education in Bahrain. The science curriculum for each cycle of basic education is built upon two types of general competency: central and subsidiary.<sup>8<\/sup>   <\/p>\n<p>The curriculum for Grade 4 in Cycle 2 contains 13 central science competencies covering four content areas: Nature of Science, Physical Science, Earth and Space Science, and Life and Environmental Science. The curriculum also contains 13 subsidiary competencies, which detail the topics within the general competencies in terms of knowledge, application, and reasoning. <\/p>\n<p>In the progression of learning, the curriculum for Grade 8 in Cycle 3 contains nine central competencies covering the following content areas: Nature of Science; Science, Technology, and Society; and Physical Science. (Earth Science is taught again in Grade 9.) In addition to the nine central competencies, there are nine subsidiary competencies. Together, the central and subsidiary competencies clearly define the content areas in terms of scientific knowledge and understanding. Students are expected to develop and utilize their scientific skills, apply their knowledge and understanding, and extend their thinking to accommodate new findings. The translated version of the McGraw-Hill series in science provides the national science curriculum in Bahrain. Exhibits 5 and 6 present science content areas and competencies for Grade 4 in Cycle 2 and Grade 8 in Cycle 3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 5:  Science Content Areas and Competencies for Grade 4 in Bahrain<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td width=\"35%\">Content Area<\/td>\n<td width=\"65%\">Competencies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Nature of Science<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Understand the nature of science and use   scientific processes and procedures to explore and explain events and   phenomena <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Physical Science <br \/>\n      (Physics and Chemistry)\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Identify concepts related to motion and its   relationship to force and work<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrate understanding of the concept of   energy, forms and sources of energy, and energy transfer<\/li>\n<li>Understand that light is a form of energy and   that it can be broken into different colors<\/li>\n<li>Describe a variety of mixtures, and explain   how they can be prepared physically<\/li>\n<li>Define the states and characteristics of   matter, and explore changes that might occur in matter (e.g., through heating   and cooling) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Earth and Space<br \/>\n      Science<\/td>\n<td width=\"368\" valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Develop basic knowledge of space, galaxies,   stars, and the solar system, and demonstrate understanding of the   relationship among the Earth, Sun, and Moon <\/li>\n<li>Describe the solar system and understand the   relationship among the solar system, stars, and galaxies <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Life<br \/>\n      and Environmental<br \/>\n      Science<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Describe differences between living and   nonliving things; identify the structures and functions of living things,   including common characteristics such as reproduction, heredity, growth, and   the need of water and air<\/li>\n<li>Recognize the physical and behavioral   characteristics of major groups of living things<\/li>\n<li>Understand diversity and adaptation of living   organisms, and classify them into major groups (e.g., mammals, insects,   birds, and plants) <\/li>\n<li>Develop basic knowledge of human life and the   surrounding environment, and identify the effects of the environment on   physical features of animals and plants <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 6:  Science Content Areas and Competencies for Grade 8 in Bahrain<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td width=\"35%\">Content Area<\/td>\n<td  width=\"65%\" valign=\"top\">Competencies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Nature of Science<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Understand the nature of science, and use   scientific processes and procedures to explore and explain events and   phenomena <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Science, Technology, and Society<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Understand the interaction among science,   technology, and society <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Physical   Science <br \/>\n      (Physics and Chemistry)<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Identify concepts related to motion and its   relationship to force<\/li>\n<li>Define speed as change in position (distance)   over time and acceleration as change in speed over time, and define the   relationship between speed and direction<\/li>\n<li>Recognize the effect of different forces   (e.g., pressure, floating, and sinking)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/li>\n<li>Identify Newton&rsquo;s first and second laws of   motion and how friction affects motion<\/li>\n<li>Explain Newton&rsquo;s third law of motion,   describing the phenomenon of weightlessness<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrate understanding of forms of energy   and conservation of energy, heat transfer and thermal conductivity, and   properties of light and sound<\/li>\n<li>Describe processes involved in changes in   states of matter, and relate states of matter to distance and movement among   particles<\/li>\n<li>Describe a variety of mixtures, and explain   how they can be prepared physically <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades Similar to mathematics, science is a compulsory subject throughout basic education in Bahrain. The science curriculum for each cycle of basic education is built upon two types of general competency: central &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/bahrain\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":110,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-607","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=607"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/607\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4440,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/607\/revisions\/4440"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}