{"id":759,"date":"2016-08-15T20:32:58","date_gmt":"2016-08-15T20:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/"},"modified":"2016-09-15T13:35:06","modified_gmt":"2016-09-15T13:35:06","slug":"the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/","title":{"rendered":"The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"carouselwrap\"><div id=\"menu-hong-kong-sar\" class=\"carouselmenu\"><a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/teachers-teacher-education-and-professional-development\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Teachers, Teacher Education, and Professional Development<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/instruction-for-mathematics-and-science-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Instruction for Mathematics and Science in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/monitoring-student-progress-in-mathematics-and-science\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Monitoring Student Progress in Mathematics and Science<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/special-initiatives-in-mathematics-and-science-education\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Special Initiatives in Mathematics and Science Education<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/use-and-impact-of-timss\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Use and Impact of TIMSS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/references\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/div><\/div>\t<style>\n\t\t.carouselwrap{\n\t\t\tbackground: #e5eaef;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a{\n\t\t\tbackground: #ffffff;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a:hover,\n\t\t.owl-item a:focus,\n\t\t.owl-item a.current-menu-item{\n\t\t\tbackground: #00667f;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t\t}\n\t<\/style>\n\t\n<h2>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/h2>\n<p>The current mathematics curricula for the primary level and the junior (lower) secondary level were introduced in 2002 and 2001, respectively. In addition to emphasizing the importance of acquiring subject matter knowledge and skills, the mathematics curricula at the primary and junior (lower) secondary levels aim to help students develop general skills in and build up positive attitudes toward mathematics, as well as emphasizing the appropriate use of information technology.<sup>17<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The mathematics curriculum guides, published by the CDC, set forth the goals of primary and secondary mathematics education clearly.<sup>18,19<\/sup> The goals of the primary mathematics curriculum are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stimulate interest in the learning of mathematics<\/li>\n<li>Help students understand and acquire basic mathematical concepts and computational skills<\/li>\n<li>Help students develop creativity and the ability to think, communicate, and solve problems<\/li>\n<li>Help students develop number and spatial sense and the ability to appreciate patterns and structures of number and shapes<\/li>\n<li>Enhance students\u2019 lifelong learning abilities through basic mathematical knowledge<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The curriculum covers five content areas at the primary level: Number; Shape and Space; Measurement; Data Handling; and Algebra.<sup>20<\/sup> Algebra is introduced in Grade 5 (Primary 5). Exhibit 1 presents the mathematics topics taught in each content area at the primary level.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 1: Mathematics Topics Taught at the Primary Level, Grades 1\u20136 (Primary 1\u2013Primary 6)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"tableEncyc\" border=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td>Content Area<\/td>\n<td>Topics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"borderBottom borderRight headingInside\" valign=\"top\">Number<\/td>\n<td class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Whole numbers<\/li>\n<li>The nature of numbers<\/li>\n<li>Fractions, decimals, and percentages<\/li>\n<li>Calculating devices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"borderBottom borderRight headingInside\" valign=\"top\">Shape and Space<\/td>\n<td class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Lines<\/li>\n<li>Angles<\/li>\n<li>Directions<\/li>\n<li>Two-dimensional shapes<\/li>\n<li>Three-dimensional shapes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"borderBottom borderRight headingInside\" valign=\"top\">Measurement<\/td>\n<td class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Money<\/li>\n<li>Length<\/li>\n<li>Time<\/li>\n<li>Weight<\/li>\n<li>Perimeter<\/li>\n<li>Area<\/li>\n<li>Volume<\/li>\n<li>Speed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"borderBottom borderRight headingInside\" valign=\"top\">Data Handling<\/td>\n<td class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Statistics (e.g., pictograms, bar graphs, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"borderBottom borderRight headingInside\" valign=\"top\">Algebra*<\/td>\n<td class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Algebraic symbols<\/li>\n<li>Equations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">*Introduced in Grade 5 (Primary 5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The goals of the secondary mathematics curriculum are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enable students to develop mathematical conceptualization, inquiry, reasoning, and communication skills and the ability to use mathematics to formulate and solve problems in everyday life, as well as in mathematical contexts<\/li>\n<li>Enable students to manipulate numbers, symbols, and other mathematical objects<\/li>\n<li>Help students develop number, symbol, and spatial sense, as well as a sense of measurement and the capability to appreciate structures and patterns<\/li>\n<li>Help students develop positive attitudes toward mathematics and the ability to appreciate the aesthetic nature and cultural aspects of mathematics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>At the junior (lower) secondary level, the mathematics curriculum further integrates the five content areas taught in the primary grades into three main learning areas: Number and Algebra; Measurement, Shape, and Space; and Data Handling.<sup>21<\/sup> Exhibit 2 presents the mathematics topics taught in each content area at the junior (lower) secondary level.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 2: Mathematics Topics Taught at the Junior (Lower) Secondary Level, Grades 7\u20139 (Secondary 1\u2013Secondary 3)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"tableEncyc\" border=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td>Content Area<\/td>\n<td>Topics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"borderBottom borderRight headingInside\" valign=\"top\">Number and Algebra<\/td>\n<td class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Directed numbers and the number line<\/li>\n<li>Numerical estimation<\/li>\n<li>Approximation and errors<\/li>\n<li>Rational and irrational numbers<\/li>\n<li>Percentages<\/li>\n<li>Rate and ratio<\/li>\n<li>Formulating problems with algebraic language<\/li>\n<li>Manipulation of simple polynomials<\/li>\n<li>Laws of integer exponents<\/li>\n<li>Factoring simple polynomials<\/li>\n<li>Linear equations in one unknown<\/li>\n<li>Linear equations in two unknowns<\/li>\n<li>Linear inequalities in one unknown<\/li>\n<li>Identities<\/li>\n<li>Formulas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"borderBottom borderRight headingInside\" valign=\"top\">Measurement, Shape, and Space<\/td>\n<td class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Estimation in two- and three-dimensional figure measurement<\/li>\n<li>Area and volume<\/li>\n<li>Introduction to geometry<\/li>\n<li>Pythagorean theorem<\/li>\n<li>Trigonometric ratios and using trigonometry<\/li>\n<li>Transformation and symmetry<\/li>\n<li>Introduction to coordinates<\/li>\n<li>Coordinate geometry of straight lines<\/li>\n<li>Introduction to deductive geometry<\/li>\n<li>Congruence and similarity<\/li>\n<li>Angles related to lines and rectilinear figures<\/li>\n<li>Quadrilaterals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"borderBottom borderRight headingInside\" valign=\"top\">Data Handling<\/td>\n<td class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Introduction to various stages of statistics<\/li>\n<li>Construction and interpretation of simple diagrams and graphs<\/li>\n<li>Measures of central tendency<\/li>\n<li>Introduction to probability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades The current mathematics curricula for the primary level and the junior (lower) secondary level were introduced in 2002 and 2001, respectively. In addition to emphasizing the importance of acquiring subject matter &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hong-kong-sar\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":138,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-759","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=759"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5933,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/759\/revisions\/5933"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}