{"id":768,"date":"2016-08-15T20:32:58","date_gmt":"2016-08-15T20:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/"},"modified":"2016-09-14T18:18:21","modified_gmt":"2016-09-14T18:18:21","slug":"the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/","title":{"rendered":"The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"carouselwrap\"><div id=\"menu-hungary\" class=\"carouselmenu\"><a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/teachers-teacher-education-and-professional-development\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Teachers, Teacher Education, and Professional Development<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/instruction-for-mathematics-and-science-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Instruction for Mathematics and Science in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/monitoring-student-progress-in-mathematics-and-science\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Monitoring Student Progress in Mathematics and Science<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/special-initiatives-in-mathematics-and-science-education\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Special Initiatives in Mathematics and Science Education<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/use-and-impact-of-timss\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Use and Impact of TIMSS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/references\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/div><\/div>\t<style>\n\t\t.carouselwrap{\n\t\t\tbackground: #e5eaef;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a{\n\t\t\tbackground: #ffffff;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a:hover,\n\t\t.owl-item a:focus,\n\t\t.owl-item a.current-menu-item{\n\t\t\tbackground: #00667f;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t\t}\n\t<\/style>\n\t\n<h2>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/h2>\n<p>According to Act CXC of 2011 on National Public Education,<sup>4<\/sup> the new national curriculum came into effect on September 1, 2013, implementing a spiral approach, for Grades 1, 5, and 9. TIMSS 2015 students were taught under the old national curriculum. Exhibits 2 and 3 present the main content objectives in the curricular framework<sup>5<\/sup> for fourth and eighth grade mathematics pertaining to TIMSS 2015.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 2:\u00a0 Mathematics Content Objectives for Grade 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td>\n        Content Areas <\/td>\n<td>\n        Content Objectives\n      <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        Arithmetic and Algebra\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Natural   numbers up to 10,000\u2014Approximate and exact location on the number line;   ordering numbers; estimating quantities with whole numbers; place value;   rounding to the nearest 10, 100, and 1,000; order of magnitude; relationships   between numbers (e.g., multiples and factors); sum, difference, product, and   quotient <\/li>\n<li>Fractions\u2014Representing   equal parts of a whole; representing fractions with a small denominator and   with the numerator 1 and their multiples; ordering fractions; finding   equivalent fractions <\/li>\n<li>Understanding   negative numbers as signed quantities or deficits<\/li>\n<li>Interpreting   and executing mathematical operations<\/li>\n<li>Calculating   with natural numbers <\/li>\n<li>Properties   of operations (e.g., commutability, associativity, and dependence of sum,   difference, product, and quotient on the magnitude of numbers); relationships   among operations; estimating the outcome of operations; order of operations;   use of brackets<\/li>\n<li>Understanding   and describing algorithms and algorithmic thinking <\/li>\n<li>Solving   number sentences for unknowns <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        Word Problems and Problem Solving\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Interpreting   word problems and real-world problems <\/li>\n<li>Creating   mathematical models to describe problems, solving the problems, and   interpreting the results <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        Sequences, Relations, and Functions\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Collecting,   organizing, and interpreting data; recognizing, describing, and generalizing   relationships<\/li>\n<li>Ordering   data into sequences, extending patterns, and finding missing terms <\/li>\n<li>Finding   rules and writing rules in words <\/li>\n<li>Constructing   and reading graphs; finding and generalizing mathematical relationships;   formulating rules (e.g., by number sentences with missing numbers)<\/li>\n<li>Finding   the relationships among data in a table<\/li>\n<li>Checking   relationships using substitution <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        Geometry and Measurement\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Properties   of two- and three-dimensional geometrical shapes; angles; classifying two-   and three-dimensional shapes by given properties; parallel and perpendicular   lines; using compasses and rulers\u00a0 <\/li>\n<li>Transformations\u2014Visual   concepts of congruence and similarity; copying two-dimensional shapes;   performing translations, reflections, and rotations using copy paper <\/li>\n<li>Recognizing   and extending geometrical patterns<\/li>\n<li>Orienting   objects on lines and planes and in space by following instructions;   orientation using a simple map<\/li>\n<li>Measurable   properties and measurement\u2014Knowing and using units of length (height, width,   perimeter), mass, volume, time (year, month, week, hour, minute); converting   between units of measurement <\/li>\n<li>Estimating   or determining area, length, and volume of given shapes <\/li>\n<li>Measuring   and calculating to determine perimeter and area <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        Statistics, Probability, and Combinatorics\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Collecting,   organizing, and displaying data in bar charts, tables, and graphs; reading   data from bar charts, tables, and graphs; interpreting and using mean and   average<\/li>\n<li>Determining   frequency of events by performing experiments<\/li>\n<li>Generating   and identifying objects that meet given conditions; finding all the events   that meet given conditions<\/li>\n<li>Finding   pairs and triplets from a few elements; arranging elements in tree diagrams   and tables<\/li>\n<li>Understanding   the meaning of and differentiating between certain, possible, and impossible   events <\/li>\n<li>Conducting   probability games, experiments, and observations <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 3:\u00a0 Mathematics Content Objectives for Grade 8 <\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td >\n      Content Areas\n    <\/td>\n<td >\n      Content Objectives\n    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Arithmetic and Algebra\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Natural   numbers in the range of millions, whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and   negative numbers; absolute value; reciprocals<\/li>\n<li>Rational   numbers; relationships among natural, whole, and rational numbers <\/li>\n<li>The   decimal number system and the binary number system<\/li>\n<li>Approximating,   estimating, and checking solutions<\/li>\n<li>Operations   with rational numbers, properties of operations, and order of operations <\/li>\n<li>Finding   and using multiples and factors, identifying prime numbers, and prime   factorization; positive integer exponentiation; divisibility rules; greatest   common divisor and least common multiple<\/li>\n<li>The   concept of percent (amount, base, rate) and solving problems involving   percent<\/li>\n<li>Simplifying   and comparing algebraic expressions; simple operations with algebraic   expressions, and substitution into algebraic expressions<\/li>\n<li>Linear   equations and inequalities <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Sequences, Relations, and Functions\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>The   number line, representations of intervals, and reading from diagrams<\/li>\n<li>Using   tables or graphs of ordered pairs with linear relationships to find missing   coordinates<\/li>\n<li>Representation   of relationships between sets of numbers <\/li>\n<li>The   Cartesian plane and representations of points in the Cartesian plane<\/li>\n<li>Functions   and representations of functions in the Cartesian plane; linear functions;   examples of nonlinear functions<\/li>\n<li>Solving   linear equations graphically<\/li>\n<li>Arithmetic   and geometric sequences <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        Geometry and Measurement\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Parallelism,   perpendicularity, and convexity<\/li>\n<li>Line   reflection, point reflection, translation, and enlargement<\/li>\n<li>Symmetrical   shapes<\/li>\n<li>Vectors   and vector addition<\/li>\n<li>Elementary   properties of quadrilaterals and triangles; special quadrilaterals and   triangles<\/li>\n<li>Area   and perimeter of rectangles, squares, trapezoids, deltoids, triangles, and   circles<\/li>\n<li>Congruent   triangles and altitude of triangles<\/li>\n<li>Relationships   between angles forming a straight line and angles in geometric figures<\/li>\n<li>Net,   volume, and surface area of cubes, prisms, and cylinders<\/li>\n<li>Geometric   constructions (e.g., parallel lines, perpendicular lines, copying angles,   perpendicular bisectors of a line segment, angle bisectors, and triangles)<\/li>\n<li>The   Pythagorean theorem <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        Statistics and Probability\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Concept   of probability; probability games and experiments; differentiating between   certain and impossible events; estimating probability<\/li>\n<li>Frequency,   relative frequency, and properties of frequency; mode and extreme values of   data<\/li>\n<li>Collecting,   organizing, and representing data\u00a0 <\/li>\n<li>Constructing   bar charts, pie charts, and graphs; interpreting, reading, displaying, and   analyzing simple graphs <\/li>\n<li>Calculating   averages<\/li>\n<li>Analyzing,   interpreting, and displaying data sets (mean, median, and mode) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades According to Act CXC of 2011 on National Public Education,4 the new national curriculum came into effect on September 1, 2013, implementing a spiral approach, for Grades 1, 5, and 9. &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":139,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-768","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/768","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=768"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/768\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5914,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/768\/revisions\/5914"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=768"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}