{"id":769,"date":"2016-08-15T20:32:58","date_gmt":"2016-08-15T20:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/"},"modified":"2016-09-14T18:33:31","modified_gmt":"2016-09-14T18:33:31","slug":"the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/","title":{"rendered":"The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"carouselwrap\"><div id=\"menu-hungary\" class=\"carouselmenu\"><a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/teachers-teacher-education-and-professional-development\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Teachers, Teacher Education, and Professional Development<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/instruction-for-mathematics-and-science-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Instruction for Mathematics and Science in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/monitoring-student-progress-in-mathematics-and-science\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Monitoring Student Progress in Mathematics and Science<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/special-initiatives-in-mathematics-and-science-education\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Special Initiatives in Mathematics and Science Education<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/use-and-impact-of-timss\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Use and Impact of TIMSS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/references\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/div><\/div>\t<style>\n\t\t.carouselwrap{\n\t\t\tbackground: #e5eaef;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a{\n\t\t\tbackground: #ffffff;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a:hover,\n\t\t.owl-item a:focus,\n\t\t.owl-item a.current-menu-item{\n\t\t\tbackground: #00667f;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t\t}\n\t<\/style>\n\t\n<h2>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/h2>\n<p>According to Act CXC of 2011 on National Public Education,<sup>6<\/sup> the new national curriculum came into effect on September 1, 2013, implementing a spiral approach, for Grades 1, 5, and 9. TIMSS 2015 students were taught under the old national curriculum. Exhibits 4 and 5 present the main content objectives in the curriculum framework<sup>7<\/sup> for fourth and eighth grade science pertaining to TIMSS 2015.<\/p>\n<p>  In Grade 4, science comprises integrated natural sciences, while in Grade 8, science comprises physics, chemistry, biology, and Earth and the environment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 4:\u00a0 Science Content Objectives for Grade 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td >\n        Content Areas <\/td>\n<td >\n        Content Objectives\n      <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        Methods of Cognition\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Investigate, understand, and describe ideas about   commonly experienced natural phenomena and simple relationships among them;   identify materials and organisms by action and experience; observe, compare,   and classify nonliving and living things; communicate and interpret personal   experiences of scientific phenomena; carry out simple experiments and track   the processes under investigation; become acquainted with sources of   information and their uses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        Basics of Inanimate Nature\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Observe and measure properties (color, shape,   temperature, surface, hardness, flexibility, taste, and smell) of different   materials; identify and observe the most common changes of materials and the   environment (dissolving, melting, burning, changes in weather, times of day,   seasons, temperature, and states of matter); learn about the effect of   pollution on our environment; identify the most common pollutants in soil,   water, and air, and recognize existing dangerous conditions; classify   materials according to their properties, uses, and effects; learn about types   of food; carry out investigations with magnets and interpret the results;   differentiate between flammable and non-flammable materials; acquire   knowledge about combustion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        Basics of Orientation\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Distinguish among and represent the most important   surface features and water forms on Earth and identify them on a map; acquire   knowledge about the points on a compass and their relationship to one another<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        Basics of Animate Nature\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Observe plants and animals in the local environment;   care for plants; observe and identify the environmental conditions that are   vital for animals and plants; learn about the effects of the changing   environment and the seasonal changes of the flora; distinguish among wild,   bred, and grown living things and between animate and inanimate nature;   understand the relationship between animals and plants and their   interdependence; describe the habitats of living things and the effect of   humans on these habitats; learn about the conservation and protection of   nature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n        The Human Body and its Functions\n      <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Identify important functions of the human body (e.g.,   motion, digestion, and respiration); learn about the most common illnesses,   proper personal hygiene, and a healthy lifestyle; acquire knowledge about   harmful habits; identify body parts and describe their functions; identify   the most common and harmful effects of the environment on the human body   (e.g., the sun&rsquo;s rays, heat, noise, air, water and soil pollution, and   parasites)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 5: Science Content Objectives for Grade 8<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td>\n      Content Areas\n    <\/td>\n<td>\n      Main Topics\n    <\/td>\n<td>\n      Content Objectives\n    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Physics\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Motion<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Understand the idea and the main concepts of linear   motion (reference frames, velocity, and inertia); understand the idea and the   main concepts of linear accelerating motion; learn, understand, and calculate   average and instantaneous speed and acceleration; investigate and observe the   properties of free fall, carry out experiments, and interpret data;   understand the concepts of mass and density and work with them; observe and   explain changes in motion; understand and apply the concept and the   representation of force, investigate and observe the effect of two forces and   the equilibrium of forces; understand the phenomena of action and reaction,   interaction, momentum, and the conservation of momentum; differentiate   between the different types of force and investigate and observe their   effects; understand the phenomena of gravity and planetary motion; understand   the relationship between Earth&rsquo;s gravity and weight; acquire knowledge about   friction and resistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Energy, work, and heat <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Investigate and identify the types of energy; understand   the concept of thermal interaction; investigate and work with heat, heat   capacity, and heat of combustion; understand and describe phase transitions   and the changes in energy during phase transitions; understand the   conservation of energy; understand and work with the concepts of power and   energy conversion efficiency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Electricity<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Understand and work with the concept of electric current   and voltage and their measurement; investigate and observe the properties of   interactions among charged particles; learn about how electrical insulators   and conductors work; learn about the sources of electric current or active   electronic devices and work with electronic circuits; understand the concept   of electrical resistance and Ohm&rsquo;s law; work with connections in circuits;   identify and observe the effects of electric current; understand the concept   of electrical work and electrical power and learn to calculate them;   investigate and describe electromagnetism, electromagnetic induction, and   alternating voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Chemistry\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Basic concepts, relationships, and laws in chemistry<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Classify matter according to its components (e.g.,   element, compound, mixture, and solution); acquire knowledge about particles   in chemistry (e.g., atoms, ions, and molecules); acquire knowledge about the   atom, understand its composition, the different models, and subatomic   particles; identify and apply chemical symbols, the periodic table, and   chemical formulas; differentiate between physical and chemical changes and   among different reaction types; work with chemical equations; understand and   apply the law of conservation of mass; work with solutions, calculate their   concentration, and determine reactions among them; learn about the   occurrence, preparation, production, and uses of common chemicals; acquire   knowledge about the typical reactions of substances, carry out experiments,   and observe their physiological and environmental effects; learn about and   distinguish between metallic and nonmetallic elements and their compounds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Applications of matter<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Identify types of matter and applications of materials   important in everyday life; describe the composition of air and water and   their most common pollutants; understand food as a raw material and energy   resource; learn about household chemicals, metal alloys, corrosion, and the   prevention of corrosion; describe certain inorganic chemical procedures   including metallurgy, sulfuric acid production, and glass production<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Biology and Hygiene\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Landscapes and biomes<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Describe the food chains of different ecosystems;   identify and explain the effects of pollution on living things and food   chains <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Human body and health<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Identify the parts of the human body, describe the organ   systems (sensory, skeletal, muscular, digestive, respiratory, circulatory,   excretory, reproductive, and endocrine) and fibers; acquire knowledge about   illnesses of the organ systems and the characteristics of human body cells;   describe the phases of human growth and development and common health   problems<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderBottom borderRight\">\n      Earth and the Environment\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Earth and the environment<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Acquire knowledge about Earth and the solar system;   describe Earth as an astronomical object; understand its formation, shape,   and movements; learn about Earth&rsquo;s history; describe Earth&rsquo;s cosmic   environment, the composition of the solar system, and its connections to   Earth (e.g., solar and lunar eclipses and tides); explain the formation of   galaxies and stars and their development; acquire knowledge about artificial   satellites and space research<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Basics of geology<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Identify and describe the materials that Earth is   composed of; explain the formation of minerals and rocks and the appearance   of fossil remains; describe the formation and structure of Earth, including   plate tectonics, basins, continents, mountains, earthquakes, and the   development of volcanos; acquire knowledge about the history of Earth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">The hydrosphere<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Distinguish among mainland waters, oceans, and seas;   describe water management and protection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">The atmosphere<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Describe the composition, structure, and basic processes   of the atmosphere; explain the effects of air currents on the weather and   climate; describe the phenomena of global warming, the greenhouse effect, and   climate change<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Formation of the geosphere<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Describe the natural processes that transform land   masses and identify the effects of human activity on them <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades According to Act CXC of 2011 on National Public Education,6 the new national curriculum came into effect on September 1, 2013, implementing a spiral approach, for Grades 1, 5, and 9. &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/hungary\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":139,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-769","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=769"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5916,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/769\/revisions\/5916"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}