{"id":868,"date":"2016-08-15T20:32:59","date_gmt":"2016-08-15T20:32:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/"},"modified":"2016-09-12T14:47:17","modified_gmt":"2016-09-12T14:47:17","slug":"the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/","title":{"rendered":"The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"carouselwrap\"><div id=\"menu-lebanon\" class=\"carouselmenu\"><a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/teachers-teacher-education-and-professional-development\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Teachers, Teacher Education, and Professional Development<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/instruction-for-mathematics-and-science-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Instruction for Mathematics and Science in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/monitoring-student-progress-in-mathematics-and-science\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Monitoring Student Progress in Mathematics and Science<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/use-and-impact-of-timss\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Use and Impact of TIMSS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/suggested-readings\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Suggested Readings<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/references\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/div><\/div>\t<style>\n\t\t.carouselwrap{\n\t\t\tbackground: #e5eaef;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a{\n\t\t\tbackground: #ffffff;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a:hover,\n\t\t.owl-item a:focus,\n\t\t.owl-item a.current-menu-item{\n\t\t\tbackground: #00667f;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t\t}\n\t<\/style>\n\t\n<h2>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/h2>\n<p>A summary follows of the national curriculum guides for science through the eighth grade. Science plays an important role in everyday life. It manifests itself in all aspects of human activity. Consequently, it is important that students become lifelong learners of science, learning it at school and extending science learning beyond their school years.<\/p>\n<p>To achieve this goal, the general objectives of science education comprise the following:<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Develop students&rsquo; intellectual and practical scientific skills<\/li>\n<li>Deepen students&rsquo; awareness of the ability of humans to understand, invent, and create<\/li>\n<li>Understand the nature of science and technology, their development throughout history, and their impact on human thought<\/li>\n<li>Ensure that students have acquired the facts, concepts, and principles necessary to understand natural phenomena<\/li>\n<li>Motivate students to apply basic scientific principles to all sciences<\/li>\n<li>Explain the scientific concepts and principles behind commonly used machines and devices<\/li>\n<li>Acquire knowledge about health, the environment, and safety practices, and behave accordingly<\/li>\n<li>Realize that some natural resources can be depleted and develop student awareness of the role of science in sustaining these resources<\/li>\n<li>Encourage students to use scientific knowledge and skills in novel situations, especially in everyday life<\/li>\n<li>Emphasize the role of scientists in the advancement of humankind<\/li>\n<li>Encourage students to be open to the ideas of scientists from different cultures and understand their contributions to the advancement of science<\/li>\n<li>Encourage students to abide by scientific values such as honesty and objectivity<\/li>\n<li>Develop students&rsquo; scientific curiosity and orientation toward scientific research<\/li>\n<li>Encourage students to work independently and cooperatively in solving scientific problems<\/li>\n<li>Develop student awareness of career possibilities in different areas related to science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Exhibit 3 presents a summary of the science concepts and skills covered in the fourth grade of basic education (elementary level, Cycle 2).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 3: Science Content in Basic Education, Grade 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td >Main Topics<\/td>\n<td >Concepts and Skills Covered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Plants and Their Habitats<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fresh water habitat and plants<\/li>\n<li>Classification of plants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Animals and Their Habitats<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fresh water habitat and animals<\/li>\n<li>Classification of animals <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Man and Health<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Support and movement systems <\/li>\n<li>Food pyramid<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Man and the Environment<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Included in the other themes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Matter and Energy<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Properties of matter<\/li>\n<li>Mixtures<\/li>\n<li>Magnets<\/li>\n<li>Electricity<\/li>\n<li>Sound<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Earth and the Universe<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Soil <\/li>\n<li>Formation of soil<\/li>\n<li>Clay <\/li>\n<li>Rocks<\/li>\n<li>Fossils<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Exhibit 4 presents a summary of the science concepts and skills covered in the eighth grade of basic education (intermediate level, Cycle 3).<br \/>\n\u2003<br \/>\n<strong>Exhibit 4: Science Content in Basic Education, Grade 8 <\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td>\n      Content Area\n    <\/td>\n<td >\n      Main Topics\n    <\/td>\n<td >\n      Concepts    and Skills Covered\n    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">\n      Life and Earth Sciences\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Nutrition<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Reproduction and   genetics<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Puberty   and adolescence<\/li>\n<li>Reproductive   organs<\/li>\n<li>Functioning   of the reproductive system<\/li>\n<li>Fertilization,   development, and birth<\/li>\n<li>Birth   control<\/li>\n<li>Sexually   transmitted diseases, including AIDS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Immunology<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Immunological   specificity<\/li>\n<li>Immune   system deficiencies and disorders<\/li>\n<li>Preventive   and curative methods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Earth and the   environment<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Geology,   including earth science<\/li>\n<li>Manifestations   of Earth&rsquo;s activities<\/li>\n<li>Structure   and dynamics of Earth<\/li>\n<li>Circulation   of matter on Earth<\/li>\n<li>Geology and human responsibilities <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">\n      Chemistry\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Classification and   constituents of matter<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Pure   substances, including elements, compounds, atoms, molecules, and ions;   symbols and formulas <\/li>\n<li>Allotropes,   including diamond and graphite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Chemical reactions and energy<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Electrical   nature of matter, including electrification, electric discharge, conductors,   and insulators; electricity and safety <\/li>\n<li>Chemical   reactions, including chemical equations, types of chemical reactions, and   rate of chemical reactions <\/li>\n<li>Acids,   bases, and salts, including acidic and basic solutions and the concept of pH<\/li>\n<li>Applications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">\n      Physics\n    <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Mechanics<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Motion   and speed<\/li>\n<li>Forces,   including their effects and classification<\/li>\n<li>Work,   power, and forms of energy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Heat<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Waves<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Characteristics   of waves, including sound waves<\/li>\n<li>Electromagnetic   waves and colors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Optics<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">\n<ul>\n<li>Rectilinear   propagation of light<\/li>\n<li>Reflection   of light and plane mirrors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades A summary follows of the national curriculum guides for science through the eighth grade. Science plays an important role in everyday life. It manifests itself in all aspects of human activity. &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/lebanon\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":150,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-868","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=868"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5608,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/868\/revisions\/5608"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}