Main Topics |
Learning Outcomes |
Introducing Science |
Introduction to Science |
- Understand that science is part of everyday life and the process of scientific investigation
- Understand physical quantities, their units of measurement, and measuring tools
- Explain the concepts of mass and weight; understand the importance of using standard units in everyday life
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Man and the Diversity of Living Things |
Cells as Units of Life |
- Understand that cells are the basic unit of living things; prepare slides using correct procedure; identify, draw, and label the general structures of animal cells and plant cells; identify the function of each of the cell structures; and enumerate the similarities and differences between animal cells and plant cells
- Identify the different types of human cells and their functions
- Explain cell organization sequentially from simple to complex using the terms cell, tissue, organ, system, and organism, and explain why human beings are complex organisms
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Biodiversity |
- Understand the variety of living organisms and their classification, explain the diversity of living organisms in a habitat, and classify various animals and plants based on common characteristics
- Explain the importance of biodiversity to the environment
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Interdependence Among Living Things and the Environment |
- Analyze the interdependence among living organisms by defining species, population, and community; identify the various habitats in one ecosystem; and explain the interdependence among living organisms and the environment to create a balanced ecosystem, using examples
- Evaluate the interactions between living organisms and explain the importance of these interactions
- Explain the use of biological controls in regulating pests in certain areas
- Analyze the food chain and predict the consequences of a missing component of living organisms in the ecosystem
- Analyze photosynthesis and explain its role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem
- Evaluate and explain the importance of the conservation and preservation of living organisms
- Evaluate the role of humans in maintaining the balance in nature, explain the effects of human activity on the balance in nature, describe how humans can solve problems related to the environment, and explain why humans need a stable, productive, and balanced ecosystem
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Matter in Nature |
Matter |
- Understand that matter has mass and occupies space
- Identify the three states of matter and differentiate between them with reference to the arrangement of particles and their movement
- Understand the concept of density and solve simple problems related to density
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The Variety of Resources on Earth |
- Understand the different resources on Earth and identify the resources needed to sustain life
- Understand elements, compounds, and mixtures in terms of similarities, differences, and methods of separation
- Appreciate the importance of the variety of Earth’s resources to man and the importance of good practices (e.g., reduce, reuse, and recycle)
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The Air Around Us |
- Understand the components of air
- Understand that energy, carbon dioxide, and water vapor are the products of respiration and that living things use oxygen and give out carbon dioxide during respiration
- Compare the content of oxygen in inhaled and exhaled human breath
- Understand that oxygen is needed for combustion (burning)
- Analyze the effects of air pollution and understand the importance of keeping air clean
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Water and Solutions |
- Analyze the physical characteristics of water and explain the effects of impurities on the physical characteristics of water, using examples
- Analyze the process of water evaporation and its application in daily life
- Analyze solutions and solubility and explain the importance of water as a universal solvent in life
- Give examples of the uses of organic solvents in daily life
- Analyze acids and alkalis and explain the uses of neutralization in daily life
- Analyze methods of water purification, and compare the strengths and weaknesses of the various types of water purification
- Describe how the water supply system works and explain ways to save water
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Air Pressure |
- Understand air pressure and explain things that use the principle of air pressure, giving examples
- Use the principle of air pressure to solve problems
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Land and Its Resources |
- Analyze the various minerals found in Earth’s crust, and write equations in words to show the effect of heat on these minerals
- Understand and describe the reaction of metals and nonmetals, write chemical equations depicting the reaction of metals and nonmetals, and state that metals react with nonmetals at different rates
- Understand silicon compounds, define the properties of silicon compounds as they relate to stability, and explain the uses of silicon compounds in daily life, giving examples
- Analyze calcium compounds, describe the properties of calcium carbonate, and define the properties of calcium compounds and their uses
- Analyze natural fuel resources and their importance, describe the fractional distillation of petroleum, and explain the contributions of the petroleum and natural gas industries to the country’s economic development
- Generate ideas on how to use natural fuel resources efficiently
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Management and the Continuity of Life |
Reproduction |
- Understand sexual and asexual reproduction, identify the structures and functions of the male and female reproductive systems, compare and contrast male and female gametes, and describe fertilization
- Explain the menstrual cycle and describe the fertile phase as it relates to fertilization
- Identify the location of fertilization and the implantation of the embryo
- Explain the importance and functions of the placenta and umbilical cord and the development of the zygote and embryo
- Describe factors that influence the physical and emotional development of a baby
- Explain the importance of research in human reproduction
- Describe the functions of the male and female reproductive parts of a flower in sexual reproduction, describe pollination, and describe the characteristics of flowers as they relate to their agents of pollination
- Compare and contrast self-pollination and cross-pollination, and explain the advantages of cross-pollination in agriculture
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Sensory Organs |
- Understand sensory organs and describe the correlation of each sensory organ and its stimuli
- Identify the structure and location of sensory cells used to detect smell and taste
- Identify the structure of human skin
- Identify, draw, and label the structures of the ear and discuss the hearing mechanism
- Identify the structures of the eye and their functions
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Digestive System |
- Understand the digestive system, identify the parts of the digestive system and their functions, describe the process of digestion, explain absorption of the products of digestion, and explain reabsorption of water in the large intestine
- Identify classes of food and their functions, describe the relationship between defecation and eating habits, and discuss the importance of eating nutritious food
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Circulatory System |
- Understand the circulatory system and describe respiration
- Explain the gases exchanged at the alveoli
- Explain the effects of smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
- Draw and label the parts of the heart
- Differentiate between blood vessels and oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
- Explain the importance of a healthy heart
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Excretory System |
- Understand the excretory system of humans and plants
- Explain the importance of healthy kidneys
- Describe the correlation between photosynthesis, transpiration, and respiration in plants
- Generate ideas for the use of excretory products of plants
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Human Growth |
- Analyze growth in males and females, and compare the growth rate in males and females
- Describe the effects of nutrition on growth in children
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Energy in Life |
Sources of Energy |
- Understand various forms and sources of energy ; explain renewable and nonrenewable energy; and understand the importance of conserving energy sources
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Heat |
- Analyze the effects of heat on matter; explain heat flow from hot to cold (conduction, convection, and radiation); and apply the principles of expansion and contraction to solve simple problems
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Electricity |
- Describe electrostatics; compare and contrast circuits with components in parallel and series; explain magnetism and electromagnets; compare and contrast a step-up transformer and a step-down transformer and their applications in everyday life; describe how electricity is generated and distributed; describe wiring and safety precautions used with electricity; describe ways to conserve electricity and why conservation is important; and predict problems Malaysia would face if there was a shortage of electricity
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Forces and Motion |
Dynamics |
- Understand force and the measurement of force; explain various types of force and their effects; describe frictional force and explain the application of friction in everyday life; and describe and solve problems using the concepts of work and power
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Support Systems and Movement |
- Understand support systems in animals and plants; explain the skeletal system in vertebrates and the various support systems in invertebrates; and discuss the importance of the support system to living things
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Technological and Industrial Development in Society |
Stability |
- Understand that the center of gravity affects stability; discuss the relationship between the point of equilibrium and the stability of objects
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Simple Machines |
- Analyze levers and pulleys, and their functions; solve problems using the principles of levers and pulleys
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Astronomy and Space Exploration |
The Solar System |
- Describe the characteristics and structures of the sun and how energy is generated, identify the phenomena on the surface of the sun, and explain the effects of these phenomena on Earth
- Understand the stars and galaxies in the universe; compare the stars based on certain characteristics; describe the formation and death of stars; describe types of galaxies; identify the position of the Solar System in the universe; and appreciate the uniqueness, order, beauty, and harmony in the universe as a sign of the glory of God
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Space Exploration |
- Understand the developments in the field of astronomy and space exploration
- Describe the developments in the field of astronomy and space exploration
- Explain the application of technology to space exploration and astronomy, giving examples
- Explain the need to continue space exploration
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