Teachers, Teacher Education, and Professional Development
Teacher Education Specific to Mathematics and Science
In primary education, generalist teachers teach mathematics and science (Knowledge of the Social, Natural, and Cultural Environment) subjects. Beginning in 2010, the Primary School Teacher university degree was extended from three to four academic years, following the European process of convergence. The curriculum includes mathematics and science fundamentals and their pedagogy among the core subjects, as well as other optional courses related to these disciplines, and a compulsory practicum.
Since the 1990s, most primary school teachers have followed a generalist education program, with the exception of specialist teachers in foreign language, music, physical education, and special needs. However, some current primary school teachers followed the previous teacher education programs established in the 1970s. At that time, General Basic Education covered Grades 1 to 8, and teachers chose between generalist and specialized education programs. To teach in Grades 6 to 8, teachers could choose to specialize in mathematics or science. Under this previous system, secondary teachers were required to have a bachelor’s degree in education, or an engineering or architecture degree in conjunction with a certificate in pedagogy, which was obtained by completing a short course on teaching theory in conjunction with a brief practicum. Since 2010, this certificate has been replaced by a master’s degree in secondary school teacher training.
Teachers obtain a teaching position through an open competition at public schools (both primary and secondary) or a private contract at private schools.
Requirements for Ongoing Professional Development
According to educational legislation, teachers have a right and a duty to participate in professional development. Apart from postgraduate courses, education training centers offer both classroom and online courses, as well as support for teacher-initiated seminars and working groups, though these options vary by autonomous community. Every six years, teachers in public education can receive financial incentives for participating in professional development activities.