Special Initiatives in Mathematics and Science Education
A program known as SMASSE (Strengthening of Mathematics and Science in Secondary Education)21 was introduced in 2006, aiming to strengthen and enhance the quality of performance, teaching, and learning of mathematics and science in secondary schools. Originally adopted from Japan and benchmarked with Kenya, the model implemented in Botswana—the Activity-Focused Teaching/Learning, Student-Centered Teaching/Learning, Experiments, and Improvisation (ASEI) movement—encompasses four basic principles that guide SMASSE in-service teacher training activities: Plan, Do, See, and Improve (PDSI).